Among the mangrove species found are: Acanthus ilicifolius, Acrostrichum aureum, A. ebracteatus, A. speciosum, Aegiceras floridum,Avicennia lanata, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, B. sexangula, B. cylindrical, B. parviflora, Caesalpinia crista, Cerbera manghas, Ceriops tagal, Cynometra ramiflora, Derris trifoliate, Excoecaria agallocha, Heritiera littoralis, Hibiscus tiliaceus, Lumnitzera littorea, L. racemes, Nypa fruticans, Rhizophora mucronata, R. apiculata, R. stylosa, Sonneratia alba, Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea, Terminalia catappa,Thespesia populnea, Xylocarpus granatum, X. mekongensis.   

Invertebrates: Several species of marine mollusks have been identified including Cerithium, Conus pondulus, Cupraea, Hippopus, Lambis, Natica, Oliva, Pinctada, Strombus, Telescopium, Tridacna, Trochus and Vasum

Reptiles: Naja naja, Python reticulates, Crocodylus porosus

Birds: Sterna sumatrana, Tanygnathus lucionensis, Actitis hypoleucos, Corvus enca, Ardea sumatrana, Butorides striatus, Centropus benghalensis, Dicaeum trigonostigma, Cacatua haematuropygia, Egretta sacra, Pelargopsis capensis, Sitta frontalis, Numenius phaeopus, Halcyon chloris, Chloropsis palawanensis

Mammal: Macaca fascicularis

Coral boulders are being gathered and used as filling materials for the reclamation project in barangay Macarascas. Mangroves are cut for charcoal production and as fish poles, fencing, and housing materials, furniture and firewood. Small-scale fishing like hook and line, crab traps, fish corals and fishnets are noticeable in the bay. Nipa fronds are used in making roofing materials. Crabs, shrimp and mollusks are collected as food items. Three mining companies in the western side of the bay occupy a reclaimed area of the mangrove forest.

Mangrove trees are being cut excessively and destroyed for various purposes. Siltation of the bay results from the operations of the mining companies. Oil pollution from the naval ships and other boasts had killed some stands of Rhizophora and Bruguiera. Domestic wastes from the coastal communities are dumped into the area. Over collection of corals is depleting this important resource.

Mangrove reforestation projects had been undertaken at the Bahile River estuary. The UNDP is undertaking a project to protect the bay by promoting alternative livelihood including sustainable tourism activities.

Ulugan Bay is a declared Naval Reserve while the coastal mangrove area is a forest reserve.

 Philippine National Reports on Wetlands